28th June 2019
Today we are looking at the highly toxic Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae), these fish are amongst the most poisonous vertebrates in the world, in fact one pufferfish contains enough Tetrodotoxin (TTX) to kill 30 adult humans.
TTX, although incredibly lethal to humans, is not always to other animals, but this fish has a number of other defense mechanisms to rely on. Although usually slow and clumsy they can produce bursts of speed using their tail fin to get away from predators, but probably they are most well known for their ability to 'puff up' by sucking water into their incredibly elastic stomachs. This change in shape makes them rather hard to choke down especially when many also have spines on their skin which stick out when expanded.
TTX is thought to be produced from marine bacteria within the food chain which then builds up in different parts of the fish's anatomy. Despite the danger pufferfish are sold as a great delicacy in Japan, where it is known as 'Fugu'. It is only allowed to be sold by specially licensed chefs who learn how to remove the parts of the fish that harbor the poison during many years of training. Why not learn more about this incredible fish here?
21st June 2019
Today we are looking at the Coffinfish (Chaunax endeavouri) also called the Sea Toad. These very rotund fish are not built for speed and similar to frogfish can often be seen 'walking' along the sea floor using their pectoral fins. Just like pufferfish they are able to use water to inflate their bodies to help them appear bigger and scare off predators.
They have been in the news recently because they are the first fish to be seen holding their breath. Just like us, fish need to breathe to survive, they do this by extracting oxygen from the water that flows through their gills. Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) caught this behaviour by accident when reviewing recordings, when the eight coffinfish finally opened their gills and expelled the water they reduced in size by 30%. It is thought that this behaviour could be a highly efficient way of conserving energy or may be used as a longer term method of warding off predators. This breath holding has been found to last as long as 4 minutes, not quite the 24:03 minutes held by the current human record holder but still very impressive! Click this link to learn more.
14th June 2019
We may need to rename today's topic Flatulent Friday because we are focusing on the herring (Family: Clupeidae) and their rather novel communication method. During the day herring communicate through visual methods but at night when this is not possible it is thought that they may use farts instead.
During a communications study it was noted that herring often released bubbles from their anuses when scared or during ascent, and these were correlated with sounds recorded. These sounds were also recorded when the herring were gathering together at night suggesting a social function. These sounds were not recorded during the day.
It is thought that these sounds may be used by fishes within the school to keep them together at night and away from predators. The research team termed the sounds Fast Repetitive Ticks (FRT) proving once and for all that no one ever really grows up ! You can learn more here.
Today we are looking at "supergiant" amphipods (Alicella gigantea). As we think you can judge from its name this crustacean can grow more than 10 times the standard size for amphipods, a massive length of 34 cms (13 inches)!
These specimens were found in the Kermadec Trench, at 7 Km below the ocean's surface, a depth at which the pressure is 1000 times that at the surface. The size of these creatures is determined by the amount of dissolved oxygen available, hence why these giants have evolved at great depths where the rates of oxygen consumption are low. The scientists that brought some specimens to the surface said that they had a very strange waxy texture to their skin, and felt rather like plastic toys. You can read more about their find here.
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