26th July 2019
Another highlight from Nautilus Live
today, courtesy of their current exploration of the waters of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. This little cutie, which is about the size of a pear, is called a Piglet Squid (Genus: Helicocranchia
), due to its rotund shape and snout like siphon (or funnel).
This particular species of cephalopod comes from the glass squid ( Cranchiidae
) family, and they are able to regulate their buoyancy via an ammonia-filled internal chamber, a system unique to the family. They are also known as "bathyscaphoid squid", from their resemblance to Bathyscaphe (a type of self-propelled deep sea submersible). Their transparent bodies allow them to drift unseen through the dark waters of the deep, many members of the family also sport bioluminescent organs which they can use to further disguise any faint shadows left in their wake.
You can learn more about this family here.
19th July 2019
Today we are looking at the beautiful Hammerhead Shark (Family: Sphyrnidae) and their awesome sensory abilities. These sharks are easily distinguished by their distinctively hammer-shaped heads, called a cephalofoil.
Like many other cartilaginous fish, hammerheads have electro-receptory sensory pores called Ampullae of Lorenzini, these detect the electrical fields that are produced by all animals through muscle contractions. Their head shape is perfectly adapted as the pores are spread out over a wider area allowing them to sweep for prey more effectively, and their eye position gives them an unrivaled 360 degree view of their surroundings. Sharks in particular are able to pick up incredibly low electrical fields, down to 5 nV/cm, that's 5/1,000,000,000 of a volt! It may be that sharks can detect the earth's magnetic field for navigation purposes but this is still to be proven. You can find out more information on shark senses here.
12th July 2019
Today we are looking at the tiny but noisy marine worm (Leocratides kimuraorum). We have to admit when we read this article we perhaps overestimated a little and then found the experience a little anticlimactic, don't judge yet though! The popping noise this worm produces is almost as loud as that of snapping shrimp, which produce sounds so powerful they can break glass!
Just like the snapping shrimp the sound is believed to be produced as a result of the collapse of a 'cavitation bubble' produced by a rapid change in pressure. However, unlike the shrimp which rapidly closes its claws to make this sound, the worm, as a soft bodied organism, relies solely on contracting its muscles.
The researchers found that the worms only made these noises when they moved quickly towards another to fight, otherwise they were silent "even when the researchers tried to aggravate them". Is anyone else wondering what methods they used for this? Bad marine puns maybe!
Check out the video for yourself here and you can learn more about cavitation bubbles here.
5th July 2019
Today we are looking at the Skeleton Shrimp (Caprellidae). These amphipods may look a little odd but their skeletal body is the perfect camouflage for hiding amongst seaweed and hydrozoa. They are predators and hunt in a similar fashion to praying mantes, freezing stock still until a suitable dinner morsel is within pouncing reach.
Another, rather more grisly, feature that some species share with praying mantes is that the female will occasionally kill the male after mating, injecting venom from a claw within their gnathopod. We aren't quite sure why as unlike praying mantes they do not apparently eat them. This may sound rather harsh but sexual cannibalism has been shown to increase clutch size and give further nutrients to the female, so from an evolutionary point of view this behaviour makes sense. It may comfort you to know that although mum apparently takes no prisoners she is very caring to her brood, as once born she carries them around with her until they are strong enough to protect themselves. Check out this behaviour in the video above.
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